Digital Piracy :: essays research papers

All around the world people connected to the meshing are downloading free digital content through P2P file sharing software.Intellectual property rights are being broken as people are downloading free content through P2P (Peer 2 Peer) networks, and illegal websites online. Production companies tint do anything about that beca utilisation developers of this type of software cant be blamed for what people share. And no one can track the people behind the illegal websites.Production companies took a bold step forward by uploading their content online. People now are not obliged to buy a full album to listen to one song, for a minimal hire you can buy the track you want, the same goes for movies and electronic publications. The downloaded files though will be digitally protected so that only the person who downloads them can use them, and he cant share them at home or with friends. Even with this step from production companies, a large portion of people who download medicine still d o it for free. Moreover hackers came up with new ways to remove the digital copyrights so the same as before one downloads medicament and distributes them around.The Industry gets its revenue from selling this content whether its online or in stores, this funds new projects and allow for better products in the future. The public should be witting of this, downloading the content for free, and not buying it will decrease revenue for the companies stopping them from undertaking future projects.Production companies should lower the price on their products, I cant buy music for at least 20$ per album and DVDs for 30$, I only make 200$ per month, said George Issa a music fan who spends most of his nights downloading music from the internet, when there is an album or movie that I really like, I try to buy it legally, I dont think I am doing anything wrong, they are wrong

The New Beetle Case Study Essay -- essays research papers

1.)What made the Drivers Wanted campaign so successful? What did the campaign try to motivate the consumer to do? What measures prove that the campaign was successful? What did it do to the consumers perception of the brand?Looking back, Volkswagens decision to switch advertising agenciesfrom DDB Needham to Arnold Communications (AC)was a critical step in the companys comeback bid. After all, AC was the one who came up with the Drivers Wanted campaign.As stated in the case study, after AC won the Volkswagen account, they did some in-depth seek on consumer and dealer perceptions of Volkswagen. They discovered thatVolkswagen consumers are younger, slightly more affluent, and more educated than the average car purchaser Volkswagen owners are creative/confident/ audacious individuals who enjoy a more active role in driving and Volkswagen was perceived as its namesake, the peoples car. Other important information was also taken into consideration, includingthe rational benefit of Volks wagen was that it was the only brand that offered German engineering at an affordable price. The emotional benefit of Volkswagen was that it represented a different management of driving (more connected to the road) and living (more connected to the world). With this information, AC began to craft an ad campaign that played to these strengths (consumer influences). The Drivers Wanted campaign was successful because its messagewhich was based on ACs in-depth researchclearly ta...

Free Essays - A Psychological Analysis of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown :: Young Goodman Brown YGB

My first thought when I read the story is that theres a psychological aspect to this. This aspect comes to life when Brown begins to accept the reality that he seems to repress. Which reality is this? As imperfect humans, weve occasionally used poor intellect on issues in our everyday lives, but what is most important is how we deal with these experiences that will become forever frozen in our minds. I feel that this is the major(ip) cause of anguish for Brown. When you look at his society and the beliefs of the townspeople, one can understand how Browns conscience can be very overbearing. So overbearing that it causes him to waste delusions concerning the welfare of his soul. I believe it is a dream or nightmare for Brown, one that he will never be able to deal with. iodin wonders how Browns townsfolk deal with their sins. Do they repress them or just keep them hid from others? Through time, Brown learns he is not alone when it comes to dealing with good and evil. Isnt he just d ealing with good? Or is it the connection between good and evil that bugs him? His own wife, Faith, is bothered with symptoms a lone woman is troubled with much(prenominal) dreams. Brown mentions, She talks of dreams, too, which is a somewhat reassuring statement for him. This seems to confirm the notion that his journey is a fabrication of his unconscious (a dream) and that his wife has similar problems. Its kind of ironic that her name is Faith, which seems to be the very thing that she is lacking. Also, Brown is caught offguard when he sees the journeyman mingle with Goody Cloyse. He comments that old woman taught me my catechism such a respectable woman is talking to evil. We are also told of how Browns family wasnt as wholesome as he believed. His grand let lashed a Quaker woman while his father set fire to an Indian village. How did these men deal with their actions? I can remember reading about Puritans who used to whip themselves for their sins. This torment can decimate you to a physical numbness but the sin is still in your mind. Through it all, I wonder about all the hell people were fix up through, during this time period, for acts that were deemed unacceptable  I really like the symbolism in this story.

Imperfections in The Birthmark by Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay -- The Bir

Imperfections in The Birthmark by Nathaniel HawthorneToo often in this valet does man attempt to perfect nature. Tampering with this sort of element most commonly leads to a disaster to come extent. Because man is never satisfied, he is everlastingly vying for perfection, regardless of the outcome. Such is the case in Nathaniel Hawthornes short story, The Birthmark. Aylmers persistent attempt to perfect nature is the cause of Georgianas demise and the affirmation that when man tampers with such a powerful component terrible things may occur. In this short story, Hawthorne uses symbolism to emphasize the strange shape of the earthly imperfection (204) and his desperate need to change it. The shape of the birthmark bore a little similarity to the human hand (204). Here, Hawthorne?s use of symbolism clearly illustrates a distinct connection between the shape of the birthmark as a human hand and the need to remove it by the same means. In Aylmer?s quest for perfection, he simply ignores the fact that he is meddling with an incredible force Nature. The ?crimson hand? (206) symbolizes man always trying to change something natural something that need not be changed. Aylmer?s subconscious irresistible impulse with science quickly becomes apparent when he realizes that he has the knowledge to potentially change something that nature has brought. At one point in the story Aylmer becomes so infatuated with removing this birthmark he dreams about how he will do so. He goes a...

Tibetan Oracles :: Tibet Religion Papers

Tibetan Oracles In Tibetan tradition, the word prophesier, or kuten, literally see means the physical basis. The word oracle is also utilize to define the spirit which enters into men and women who are acting as a median(a) betwixt the spectral and natural realms. Oracles serve as a guide for Tibetans in political decisions, predictions about natural forces, etc. Their decisions help guide inner(a) and orthogonal affairs. They most clearly demonstrate their intention while in trance. In this mind-altered state prophecies and predictions are made about questions asked. Their answers are taken naughtily by Tibetans and high-standing political and religious individuals. The occurrences that take place while in trance cannot all be explained by scientific means and there is near religious force acting on the situation. To fully understand Tibetan oracles and their trances, some background information about them must be given. The first recognize Nechung oracle was realized in 1544 AD. This was the first time that the spirit of Nechung was possessed in a human being. The name of oracle was Drag Trang Go-Wa Lobsang Palden. Many oracles used to be present in Tibet, but their numbers have diminished as a result of various factors such as Chinese occupation. However, the phenomenon of oracles even re importants central to Tibetan life. The oracle is not only used to predict the future, but they are also sometimes used as protectors and healers. The main function of oracles in Tibet is to answer tough questions about internal and external affairs both religious and political. They way that this is most effectively performed and acted upon is through self-possession or trance induction. Trance induction in the Tibetan State Oracle is a complex process involving certain physical deprivations and stimuli from various sources of anything from medication to hyperventilation. emblematical elements as well as vi sualizations induce possession and trance in the oracle. (Ellingson 58) Certain questions about the spirituality of the oracles arise. It could be argued that oracles are taught to act in spiritual ways and that these actions are just reproductions of what they have been taught.Tibetan Oracles Tibet Religion PapersTibetan Oracles In Tibetan tradition, the word oracle, or kuten, literally interpreted means the physical basis. The word oracle is also used to define the spirit which enters into men and women who are acting as a medium between the spiritual and natural realms. Oracles serve as a guide for Tibetans in political decisions, predictions about natural forces, etc. Their decisions help guide internal and external affairs. They most clearly demonstrate their function while in trance. In this mind-altered state prophecies and predictions are made about questions asked. Their answers are taken seriously by Tibetans and high-standing political and religious individuals. The occurrences that take place while in trance cannot all be explained by scientific means and there is some spiritual force acting on the situation. To fully understand Tibetan oracles and their trances, some background information about them must be given. The first recognized Nechung oracle was realized in 1544 AD. This was the first time that the spirit of Nechung was possessed in a human being. The name of oracle was Drag Trang Go-Wa Lobsang Palden. Many oracles used to be present in Tibet, but their numbers have diminished as a result of various factors such as Chinese occupation. However, the phenomenon of oracles still corpse central to Tibetan life. The oracle is not only used to predict the future, but they are also sometimes used as protectors and healers. The main function of oracles in Tibet is to answer tough questions about internal and external affairs both religious and political. They way that this is most effe ctively performed and acted upon is through possession or trance induction. Trance induction in the Tibetan State Oracle is a complex process involving certain physical deprivations and stimuli from various sources of anything from music to hyperventilation. Symbolic elements as well as visualizations induce possession and trance in the oracle. (Ellingson 58) Certain questions about the spirituality of the oracles arise. It could be argued that oracles are taught to act in spiritual ways and that these actions are just reproductions of what they have been taught.

Tibetan Oracles :: Tibet Religion Papers

Tibetan Oracles In Tibetan tradition, the word prophet, or kuten, literally interpreted means the physical basis. The word oracle is withal used to define the affectionateness which enters into men and women who are acting as a medium between the spiritual and natural realms. Oracles serve as a guide for Tibetans in political decisions, predictions approximately natural forces, etc. Their decisions help guide national and external affairs. They most clearly demonstrate their juncture enchantment in trance. In this mind-altered state prophecies and predictions are made about questions asked. Their answers are taken seriously by Tibetans and high-standing political and religious individuals. The occurrences that take come out of the closet eyepatch in trance cannot all be explained by scientific means and there is some spiritual force acting on the situation. To in full ensure Tibetan oracles and their trances, some background information about th em must be given. The first recognized Nechung oracle was realized in 1544 AD. This was the first conviction that the spirit of Nechung was possessed in a human being. The name of oracle was Drag Trang Go-Wa Lobsang Palden. Many oracles used to be present in Tibet, but their come encounter diminished as a result of various factors such as Chinese occupation. However, the phenomenon of oracles still remains central to Tibetan life. The oracle is not still used to predict the future, but they are also sometimes used as protectors and healers. The main function of oracles in Tibet is to answer tough questions about internal and external affairs both religious and political. They way that this is most effectively performed and acted upon is through self-control or trance induction. Trance induction in the Tibetan State Oracle is a complex process involving certain physical deprivations and stimuli from various sources of anything from music to hyperventilation. Symbolic elements as well as visualizations seduce possession and trance in the oracle. (Ellingson 58) Certain questions about the spirituality of the oracles arise. It could be argued that oracles are taught to act in spiritual ways and that these actions are just reproductions of what they acquit been taught.Tibetan Oracles Tibet Religion PapersTibetan Oracles In Tibetan tradition, the word oracle, or kuten, literally interpreted means the physical basis. The word oracle is also used to define the spirit which enters into men and women who are acting as a medium between the spiritual and natural realms. Oracles serve as a guide for Tibetans in political decisions, predictions about natural forces, etc. Their decisions help guide internal and external affairs. They most clearly demonstrate their function while in trance. In this mind-altered state prophecies and predictions are made about questions asked. Their answers are taken seriously by Tibet ans and high-standing political and religious individuals. The occurrences that take place while in trance cannot all be explained by scientific means and there is some spiritual force acting on the situation. To fully understand Tibetan oracles and their trances, some background information about them must be given. The first recognized Nechung oracle was realized in 1544 AD. This was the first time that the spirit of Nechung was possessed in a human being. The name of oracle was Drag Trang Go-Wa Lobsang Palden. Many oracles used to be present in Tibet, but their numbers have diminished as a result of various factors such as Chinese occupation. However, the phenomenon of oracles still remains central to Tibetan life. The oracle is not only used to predict the future, but they are also sometimes used as protectors and healers. The main function of oracles in Tibet is to answer tough questions about internal and external affairs both religious and politi cal. They way that this is most effectively performed and acted upon is through possession or trance induction. Trance induction in the Tibetan State Oracle is a complex process involving certain physical deprivations and stimuli from various sources of anything from music to hyperventilation. Symbolic elements as well as visualizations induce possession and trance in the oracle. (Ellingson 58) Certain questions about the spirituality of the oracles arise. It could be argued that oracles are taught to act in spiritual ways and that these actions are just reproductions of what they have been taught.

Consequences of Exploration for Europeans and the Indigenous Peoples

In 1492, Christopher Columbus landed in the Caribbean bearing the name of the Spanish Crown in hopes that he had landed in the Indies of Asia victimisation a direct sea route. Though that is not where he landed, his smart World was a place of great wealth, unused materials and crops, virgin source of labor, and newfound land for the European nations. The consequences for the native bulk of the Americas were much worse with devastating finale tolls, enslavement, new diseases and racist attitudes towards them. Though it would not be fair to enounce that the Europeans did not share in detrimental consequences or that the indigenous people did not gain any advantages.The greatest negative consequences for the Europeans due to the European blowup are a devastating economic revolution, and the introduction of the venereal disease pox. Once the Spanish began to mine the precious ores of America the wealth of Spain underwent a major transformation. Demanding one-fifth of all prof it, the Crown became immensely rich and this showed in their influence on the rest of Europe, seeing that other countries now lacked the material wealth of Spain. passim this time of great wealth the population rose steadily in Spain. With population increase, came an increased demand for food and merchandise.Spain had expelled a large amount of their delicate farmers, workers, merchants and businessmen during the Inquisition when they cleansed their country of the Jewish and Muslim people. Along with the demand in Spain, the demand for Spanish and European products in the Americas also became hard to bear up with. With the ever-increasing influx of silver bullion the prices in Spain began to rise and the pretentiousness quadrupled the prices of everything within thirty years. In 1556, Martin de Azpilcueta Navarro, a Spanish canon lawyer, writes about the influx of American silver as the cause of the inflation.We see by experience that in France, where money is scarcer than in S pain, bread, wine, cloth, and labour are worth much less. And dismantle in Spain, in times when money was scarcer, saleable goods and labour were given for very much less than after the discovery of the Indies, which flooded the country with aureate and silver. The reason for this is that money is worth more where and when it is scarce than where and when it is abundant. Along with this, the Spanish king Philip II spent more money on outside enterprises to go down his countries debt.When needing to pay his debt to other countries, he also paid in silver bullion spreading the inflation to the rest of Europe. The discovery of the Americas led Europe to inflation and increased prices and Spain to almost complete debt by the seventeenth century. Besides silver and gold, the native people of the Americas passed Syphilis on to the Spanish who came to settle there. In quint year time, Syphilis had spread to Russia from the European Atlantic coast. Though it could not be proven, Syphili s is thought to have originated in Espaniola because no evidence of Syphilis exists in Europe before 1493.These open sores, boils, and aches in the joints caused excruciating pains to many Europeans due to this quickly widespread venereal disease. The only proven good way to treat Syphilis was from drinking the boiled bark of the guaiacum tree which only grew in Espaniola. Though no exact numbers were deliberate for Syphilis it could not be compared to the death tolls that the European diseases left on the Indian populations. In a period of 130 years, something like 95 part of all Native Americans died of disease. That number is far greater than experts (until recently) had ever suspected.The Native Americans who survived the plagues were, of course, completely demoralized and depressed by this tremendous loss of their loved ones, of their lifestyle, and of their superannuated culture. (Bib 2. ) The 95 percent population loss of the Natives was staggering compared to probably on e percent death caused by Syphilis. Thus though Syphilis was a negative consequence of European expansion it proved minor compare to the Indigenous peoples loss due to European disease. Besides new crops and animals the indigenous people were introduced to new religions, medicines and ways of life that helped fall apart themselves.Christianity was introduced to the indigenous people thanks to very ardent Catholicism from the Spanish and Portuguese. These Christians taught of love, equality and a heaven after death for those who acted well on earth. For many indigenous people this religion called to them and they were converted. Those who did not convert voluntarily were either forced to convert or killed. The native people actually became very passionate about this religion and even followed religious doctrines more closely than the Spanish conquistadors.The natives began to spread peace and love as a bigger doctrine than territory fighting which shows how religion was a positive o utcome from European expansion. New technology and medicine helped more effectively regain the local people and brought new light to the topic. In Pre-Colombian times the Indian populations would come to the ailing and stay by their side through illness therefore probably catching the illness themselves, the Europeans taught to isolate the sick and better medicines to treat them.The lives that new medicines saved in the Americas is immeasurable but probably still do not compare to the lives lost from European diseases. New technologies such as guns, steel and sailing equipment helped build stronger weapons than the ones previously possessed by Indians, and a new material from which objects could be made. Very strong steel could be used to make protection from swords and swords themselves thus fortifying indigenous peoples ability to make weapons, protect themselves, and hunt. many an(prenominal) thousands of things brought from Europe helped make indigenous life better such as can dles to light the night and paper so writing and language could be better developed. Though much understated there were many positive outcomes from European expansion to the indigenous people of the Americas and even a few negative outcomes for the Europeans themselves. much often than not, when talking about the European expansion into America, the Europeans seem to get much better rewards from their expansion. And they actually did.They reaped much higher rewards from their conquest of the Americas than the indigenous people, heretofore it cannot be forgotten that both peoples had multiple sides to their gains and losses due to European expansion. Bibliography Quotes drawframe 1. Why were Native Americans so vulnerable to European diseases? (article). Articles on how to feel good more often and get more done. Web. 10 Oct. 2009. http//www. youmeworks. com/why_native_americans. html. Galloway, J. H. The Sugar Cane Industry An diachronic Geography from its Origins to 1914 (Cambri dge Studies in Historical Geography).New York Cambridge UP, 2005. Print. American Indian past and present. Norman University of Oklahoma, 2008. Print. Other Info Spanish colonization of the Americas -. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Web. 11 Oct. 2009. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas. Native Americans in the United States European colonization. Spiritus-Temporis. com Historical Events, Latest News, News Archives. Web. 11 Oct. 2009. http//www. spiritus-temporis. com/native-americans-in-the-united-states/european-colonization. html.

Explain the Impact of Technology on the Environment

Technology is such a broad term, for technology is not only what first comes to bear in mind like cell phones and computers. Technology is also the crafting of materials, pencils, pens, even your toothbrush is considered a form of technology. All of these objects that most of us use on a sidereal day to day basis has altered atomic number 18 lifestyles compared how the world was several hundred years ago. Sadly, the majority of technology has a reverse affect, more than so on the environment.To start with, there is some technology that could potenti every(prenominal)y be a part of global warming. There are parts that make up objects that could fetch the after affect to take a negative effect. For instance, technology dates as far back as the Stone Age, when man discovered how to make fire, believed be approximately 1. 4 million years ago. In fact, no one could have thought back then that fire, including its wood burning technology could crap an impact on todays natural environ ment through its greenhouse gas emissions.Cavemen created some of the first technology, such as fire axes and spears. As time went on technology advanced and even though they seem to make life easier for us after affects take a turn for the worsened on the environment. Another fact to consider, is todays mode of transportation. For example In Sidan over 2,000 new cars are on the road each day, the more cars there are the more gases there are being released into the atmosphere.This harms society through the chain affect involving the environment. It starts with just normal global warming, then the people of the world are not recycling and not conserving there electricity. All of these bad habits, are worsening life as we know it. Sadly not all of this preserve be controlled for there are some natural causes. But overall a big cause of the environments unwell state is the gases let off by cars going into the atmosphere.One last thought to consider, would be ships going back and fort h carrying cargo and spilling oils into the ocean. Because of these spills and leakages, coral reefs are being destroyed. Marine wild life is being endangered since their habitats are being destroyed. Ships are a form of technology, very helpful truly. Especially when it comes to transferring objects too large to go by plane. Are actually taking a part in the environments misfortunes.There are too many endangered or extinct animals already from this tragedy, society must do all in our power to prevent this from happening any further. Therefore, ships is a form of technology that is harmful to our environment. In conclusion, there are multiple different ways technology has an impact on the environment. Whether it be by fossil fuels from fires or oils from cargo ships, it is taking a negative effect on the environment. Worldwide problems, more commonly known as global warming, are being started and worsened by technology.

Financial Statements: A Step-by-Step Guide to Understanding and Creating Financial Reports Essay

Investment AppraisalIntroductionQuestion 1 An investiture appraisal is a provision process that is utilized in de considerationining the forwardness of a personal line of credit to undertake a long term investitures much(prenominal)(prenominal) as expansion, developing a new meet, acquiring new machinery among others (Les Dlabay, 2007). This is a Byzantine process that requires the analysis of citations of finance, their conditional relations, budgeting and pecuniary statements.Sources of finance Coca-cola which is the world leading non-alcoholic beverage gild marketing their products in over 200 countries worldwide have the idol foundation of assets, sh atomic number 18s, suddenly term liabilities, long-term loans and good allow for as its source of finance. The assets of the conjunction cast the major source of its finances accounting for $ 57,751 million in 2013 and $ 55,849 million in 2012 (The Coca-Cola keep connection, 2013). These include tangible and non-t angible assets such as property, endts, equipment, truth method investments and goodwill. This digest be summarized as shown in the table below.ASSETS(In millions) 2013$ 2012$Equity method investments 10,393 9,216Investment in bottling companies 1,119 1,232Other Assets 4,661 3,585Property, Plant and Equipment 14,967 14,476Trademarks with indefinite lives 6,744 6,527Bottles franchise rights with indefinite life 6,415 7,408Goodwill 12,312 12,255Other intangible assets 1,140 1,150 entirety ASSETS 57,751 55,849 Long term and abruptly term liabilities ar another source of finance for the connection. The companys total long term liabilities in the year 2013 were $ 90,055 million and $ 86,174 million in 2012 (The Coca-Cola Company, 2013). Their long term external sources of finance include debts, deferred income taxes and the companys share owners as contained in the table below.LONG TERM LIABILITIES(In millions) 2013$ 2012$Long term debts 19,154 14,736Other liabilities 3,498 5,468D eferred income taxes 6,152 4,981TOTAL ASSETS LONG TERM LIABILITIES 90,055 86,174 Important company activities that generate take ins that are ploughed back to the transaction as a source of finance include investments and new ventures. These are proceeds from the investments, acquisition of other carees, integrity method investments, non-marketable securities, purchase and sale of property, plants and equipment and their associated proceeds. In 2013, the company realized a total of $ 10, 414 from the investment and operating activities as per their 2013 annual report. Internal short term sources of finance for the company are the original assets of property and cash-equivalents such as marketable securities, inventories, live assets held for sale and the proceeds from the short term investment. Their counterpoise sheet as at December 31, 2013 shows a total of $ 17, 121 million current assets.Implications of the sources However much the company had good monetary sources in its assets, liabilities and shares, each of the sources whitethorn impact negatively or positively to the business. The straight forward implication of liabilities especially loans is the interest rates and the obligation to repay them in good eon. Failure to settle the debts and loans may lead to imposition of fines and penalization. The creditors may go to the finis of stopping to supply the company with goods and services on credit and demand for cash on deli very(prenominal). Use of shareholding as a source of finance for the company may also have its own positive and negative implications. Shareholders are like investors in the business and thereof they must be paid their returns as dividends (Fardon, 2003). This might be very difficult in cases where the company dissembles losings. Sometimes, especially in a scenario where there are no strict policies on the maximum percentage share that a shareholder can buy, the ownership of the company may be transferred to a sharehol der that buys majority of the Company shares.Question 2Importance of financial planning Finance is the driving force for a company like Coca-cola. After its financial sources have been identified, accurate financial planning is necessary for its success. fiscal planning is the foundation from which all successful businesses are built. Running on a clear financial plan ensures that a company is well prepared to meet its anticipated expenses in terms of payroll, transport, communication any other day to day business operation expenses. The plan is primary(prenominal) when the company is at the extremes of either profit making or suffering losses. It provides a stepping stone in which the company can forge a route forward and plan for the future while at the same time handle the present. A good financial plan finds it usefulness when a company is preparing to deal with rising costs and increasing current and long term liabilities. It allows for these conditions to be anticipated ear ly enough so as deal with them when they arise. Additionally, a financial plan is a critical tool in the organization of the various departments within the company. A well prepared and revised financial plan that considers every quarter of the company is of valuable contribution to the smooth running of the company as a whole. Lastly, an estimate of earnings can be do through a financial plan. Lack of these estimates sets a trap that the company might fall in due embezzlement of funds and misappropriations. A financial plan is very effective in making investments and profits into diversified portfolios within the company. The process of making decisions requires the company directors to be provided with the necessary tuition. These include financial reports that contain details of business transactions, profits, losses, expenses, revenues, assets and liabilities. This allows for comparison of business functioning in the previous financial year. The departmental estimates of expen ditures and their estimated sources of revenue are also part of this information. The factors that may affect the choices of decisions makers during financial planning are the number and wages of employees, available cash at hand and cash required to pay suppliers on time and to buy current assets such as equipment and stationeries. The possibility of expanding the business is also considered when such decisions are made (M. P. Narayanan, 2004).Appropriateness of the sources of finance for a business project In order to manage the financial sources and make appropriate decisions, it is important that the directors analyze the costs of the sources, for example, the cost to be incurred to obtain the finance such as fees payable to the financial institutions, commissions and interests, stock brokers among others. In the Coca-Cola Company where the major sources are the stubborn assets, liabilities, ploughed back profits, profits from investments and current assets, the appropriateness of the sources depend on the ability of the finances to run a business investment. Bank loans are the major long term source of finance for many companies. This source is very appropriate for Coca-Cola Company. The repayment is spread over a long period of time. The company is financially stable and can easily afford the required securities to withdraw a loan. Although the interest rates may be spicyer making the process expensive, the merits outweigh the demerits and the risk is worth taking. Coca-cola is a limited company and therefore the use of stock shares as a source of finance is appropriate. The finances are not repaid although the profit is shared among the shareholders as dividends. The capacity of this company to make profit is unquestionable. The risk of change in company ownership due to sale of major shares can be regulated by business policies that fasten such sales. Moreover, sale of assets such as the current assets to raise big(p) is appropriate for this compa ny. The surplus assets can be sold off and the proceeds kept up(p) to run the business. There is little, if any, risk associated with sale of surplus assets.Impact of finance and financial statements Finance and financial statements have positive and negative effects to the business depending on the financial position of the company. Financial statements form the basis from which shareholders and emf investors evaluate the performance of the business. The statements also regulate accountability in the running of the business. The financial position of the business is portrayed in the financial statements. It used by the company to shoot loans from banks. Financial statements that directly indicate instability of a business have a negative impact to the business by blocking potential investors, creditors and banks. Finance and financial statements have a direct effect on business transactions. It instals detailed information about the lag phases and peaks of a business. Such deta ils include fluctuations in prices in comparison to competitors in the market (Ittelson, 2009). If, for example, Coca-Cola Company increased the prices of their beverages by 1%, their immediate competitor Pepsi may have an upper hand in the market. A balance sheet gives information on the resources that the business has a light upst its liabilities and the capacity of the business to settle its debts. Cash extend statements are important in informing the public about the money entering and difference the business. All of these can negatively or positively influence the customers, suppliers, creditors and potential investors. Financial statements have a direct impact on the stock price. The information in the statements can be used by business managers to either increase or decrease the price of products.Main financial statements In aim investment options and identifying their appropriateness, it is important to prepare financial statements. These statements have different formats depending on the size and type of the business. The statements are balance sheets, cash flow statements and income statements. A balance sheet is a financial statement that reports a companys assets, liabilities and stock holders equity in a given financial period. menstruation assets, fixed assets and investments are balanced against liabilities and stock holders equity. A balance sheet for Coca-Cola Company as at 31st December, 2013 is as follows (The Coca-Cola Company, 2013).THE COCA-COLA COMPANYCONSOLIDATED BALANCE planeAS AT 31ST DECEMBER, 2013.ASSETTS(In Millions)Currentassets $Cash and cash equivalents10,414Short term investments 6,707Total cash, cash equivalents and short term investment17,121Marketable securities3,147Trade accounts receivable slight allowances of $ 614,873Inventories3,277Prepaid expenses and other assets2,886Total current assets31,304Fixed assetsEquity method investments10,393Other investments principally bottling companies1,119Other assets4,661Property, plant and equipment net14,927Trademarks with indefinite lives6,744Goodwill12,312Other intangible assets1,140TOTAL ASSETS90,055LIABILITIES AND EQUITY(In Millions)Current liabilities $Accounts payable and accrued expenses9,577Loans and notes payable16,901Current maturities of long term debt1,024Accrued income taxes 309Total current liabilities27,811Long term debts19,154Other long term liabilities 3,498Shareholders equity total33,440TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY90.055 The balance sheet is similar regardless of the size and type of the business. Its format does not change. Cash flow statements are prepared to assess the companys earnings and expenses. The quality of the earnings is determined by comparing the cash flow from operating activities with the companys net income (R, 2003). Income statements are financial documents that show the sources of income in a business organization. Coca-cola Company had the following statement of comprehensive income as at December 31, 2013.THE COCA-C OLA COMPANYCONSOLIDATEDSTATEMENT OF world-wide INCOMEAS AT 31ST DECEMBER, 2013.$ (In Millions)CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME8,626OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOMENet foreign currency translation adjustment(1,187)Net gain (loss) available for sale of securities (80)Net gain (loss) on derivatives 151Net change in pension and other benefit liabilities1,066TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME8,576Less comprehensive income loss attributed to interests 39TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ATTRIBUTED TOSHAREHOLDERS OF THE COMPANY8,537Note Figures in brackets indicate losses or reductionsInterpretation of the financial statements Financial statements are usually prepared and interpreted towards the end of a financial year to give information about the business financial stability. The above financial statements can be interpreted by using appropriate financial ratios to help compare them with the performance during the previous financial year or with another company. These ratios derived from a balance sheet are functio nal capital, current ratio, lovesome ratio (Pamela Peterson Drake, 2012). Financial statements provide rich information to investors and suppliers. This information are used to evaluate the performance of the company. The statements are also used as a communication tool by managers to interested parties about their achievement in the management of the company. There are different financial statements as discussed above that give unique business information on the company. Financial conditions of a company are the major detail and a point of concern for several potential investors. Investors are the major capital providers. They rely on the information contained in the balance sheet, income statements and cash flow statements for their safety and certainty regarding a potential investment into a company. It enables the investors to understand their position in the companys capital regimen. The balance sheet is considered the snap shot of a companys assets in comparison to liabilitie s and shareholders equity. This is considered the operating result of the company. These results are also an area of concern to investors. Income statement gives a report of operating results. This includes the sales, expenses and profit or losses in a given financial year. This information is critical in the evaluation of the companys past performances and to predict the future of the business. Profits or losses are usually provided by the income statement but this may contain non cash-equivalent or non-cash parameters. The information is not direct as to the companys cash transaction during the financial year. This leaves room for cash flow statements to give the details. It contains information about the cash that get into the business and those that leave the business thereby display an exchange of cash. Shareholders equity shows the variations in the various equity components. This is usually careful by deducting total liabilities from the total assets of the company. A compa ny with a good performance like Coca-Cola has a steady increase in its shareholders equity. This is associated with either a decreasing or constant shareholders base. Working capital is calculated by deducting current liabilities from the current assets. The working capital for Coca-Cola Company for the year ended December 31, 2013 can be calculated as follows.Working Capital (in millions) =Current assets Current liabilities.= $ 31,304- $ 27,811= $3,493 The working capital for Coca-Cola Company is a positive figure of $ 3,493 million indicating that the company is at a better position to meet its current obligations such as paying workers, paying brokers, servicing short term loans among others. Current ratio is calculated by dividing the current assets by the current liabilities. It is related to the working capital. Another ratio is Quick ratio. It is also known as acid test ratio and is calculated as followsQuick ratio = Cash + ephemeral investment + Accounts receivableCurrent liabilities The Quick ratio is similar to the current ratio only that inventories, supplies and prepaid expenses are excluded. It is used to determine the pith of assets that can be turned quickly into cash. Free or Discounted cash flow is a financial ratio that is derived from the cash flow statement. Free cash flow is calculated by deducting capital expenditures from total cash flow provided by operating activities (Fardon, 2003). Free cash flow for Coca-cola as at December 31, 2013 is calculated as shown.Free cash flow = Cash flow provided by the operating business Capital expenditures.=10,542 (14,782+2,550+303)= -7,093 This statistically indicates that the company is at a deficit of $ 7, 093 million after paying its capital expenditures. The income statement can be analyzed to give gross margin, profit margin, furnish on Stoke holders equity and earnings per share. Return on Stoke holders equity is important in revealing the percentage profit after taxation and therefore th e dividends payable to shareholders. Return on stock holders equity for Coca-Cola Company as at December 31, 2013 is calculated as shown.Return on Stockholders equity = Net income after taxes comely shareholders equity= 8,6228537=1.01% This reveals that the company earned 1.01% of profit after taxation on an average shareholders balance during the year.Suitable budget and appropriate decisions The most significant form of planning a capital investment budget is to make appropriate decisions and market well. Budgeting is the foundation of financial economics. Making decisions that have importance long term effects is the basis of budgeting. In budgeting, policies are maximized so as to achieve the most positive net profit and returns. Making decisions should be principally governed by benefit analysis. The budgeting process is also governed by the future consequences and impact to the business Every financial source has an implication to the business. Financial statements help provid e such implications and can be used in selecting a suitable budget. A company may decide to sell its shares after analyzing its effectiveness in genteelness capital for a new business venture (Pamela P. Peterson, 2004). The process of deciding on a proper capital investment for the expansion of Coca-Cola Company involves figure the cost of investment, protection of cash flow from the investment, consideration of the inflation rates and the time value of the expansion. For example, if the investment will cost $ 10 million and generates $ 4 million annually, the investment is feasible because it provides a pay back within 2.5 years. A budget can therefore be prepared from this basis. An example of a suitable budget proposed for The Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) for the Fiscal year 2012 is as follows (SEPTA, 2011) .FISCAL YEAR 2012 CAPITAL BUDGETProject FY 2012 patronageRequirementBus Purchase syllabus $59,209,593Capital Asset Lease Program 28,720,862Co ngestion Relief 2,233,000Debt Service 52,654,545Infrastructure Safety Renewal Program 34,400,000Paratransit Vehicle Acquisition 5,000,000Regional Rail Signal System Modernization 35,800,000Safety and Security Improvements 5,000,000State of Good Repair Initiatives 15,200,000 space Accessibility 4,800,000Station and Parking Improvements Program 10,400,000System Improvements Program 5,000,000Vehicle Overhaul Program 53,100,000TOTAL FY 2012 Capital Budge$311,518,000 Marketing decisions are dependent on capital budgeting. The decisions to be made on long term investments are dependent on the income that will be generated from the project. It is important to know the duration that the project will take to mature. That is, the time it will take to generate income equivalent to the amount invested in the business. Modern finance theories equate the value of the assets to the discounted future income generation. The net profit value rule is therefore used by companies that contemplate ventur ing unto capital project if they adopt this theory.Assessing project viability The financial viability of a project is assessed using the investment appraisal techniques. This involves the use of tools such as Return on Investment (ROI), Debts Service Coverage proportion (DSCR), Break Even Point (BEP) and Debt Equity Ratio (DER). In Return on Investment, the collections of the company are used to create assets and in the running of the business. The business must generate surplus on the serene capital for it to be considered viable. Borrowed and own capital is considered the cost of the project while the profits are the surplus generated. ROI should be greater than the cost of the investment for the business to be considered viable. Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR) measures the ability of the project to meet its repayment obligations on loans acquired financial institutions (Pamela P. Peterson, 2004). It is calculated as follows.DSCR= Net profit + please on long term loans + Dep reciationInterest on long term loan + Principal loan The cumulative DSCR during the repayment period should be at least 21 for the project to be considered viable. Break Even Point (BEP) measures the level of total contribution to the total fixed assets. part is usually the excess of sales over the variable cost. That isContribution = Sales Variable Costs.PEP is the point where both fixed and variable costs are recovered from the resources. It is calculated using the formulaTotal fixed cost selling price per unitContribution per unit cost It indicates the risks involved in the business. If the PEP is achieved at a lower level of capacity utilization, it is considered safer. In this case, the investment is viable. Debt Equity Ratio measures the level at which the investment project is leveraged to acquire loans from financial institutions. It is calculated by the formulaTotal long term debtsTotal funds in the investment The factors to be considered when assessing the viability of a project are the nature of the goods and services to be offered. Their level of complexity should be determined and the risks involved as well. The value of the procurement is another factor of concern. It involves the determination of the amount of capital that the procurement can cost. The financial viability assessment matrix group risks speculated into several levels. The low risk level contains low levels of complexity, low value and short term supplies. The moderate risk level contains moderate value, sensitivity and medium term supply. The high risk level contains high strategic importance to agency, high complexity levels and sensitivity. When assessing the risks, the likelihood of a financial feasibility should not be ruled out while making budgeting decisions.ReferencesFardon, C. D. (2003). Management of Finance. sunrise(prenominal) york Osborne Books.Ittelson, T. R. (2009). Financial Statements A Step-by-Step Guide to Understanding and Creating Financial Reports. New Yor k Career Press, Incorporated.Les Dlabay, J. B. (2007). Business Finance. Stamford Cengage Learning.M. P. Narayanan, V. K. (2004). Finance for Strategic Decision-Making What Non-Financial Managers Need to Know. New Jersy John Wiley & Sons.Pamela P. Peterson, F. J. (2004). Capital Budgeting Theory and Practice. New Jersey John Wiley & Sons.Pamela Peterson Drake, F. J. (2012). Analysis of Financial Statements. New Jersey John Wiley & Sons.R, D. J. (2003). Accounting for Non-Accounting Learners. New York Pitman.SEPTA. (2011, Aril). The Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority. Retrieved April 2014, from Finance http//www.septa.org/reports/pdf/budget-proposal-cb12.pdfThe Coca-Cola Company. (2013, December). The Coca-Cola Journey. Retrieved April 2014, from Annual Financial Report http//www.coca-colacompany.com/our-company/company-reportsSource document

Chapter 14 Outline Ap World History.

Outline Introduction Every year or al least once in their spirit, the Muslims moldiness(prenominal) travel to Mecca. This is a holy pilgrim that has been a tradition for the Muslims since Muhammad made the trip. At the beginning the pilgrims to Mecca were made by small amounts of state. However, by the ninth blow, thousands of slew traveled to Mecca in the 9th lunar month. All these multitude survived on food and water provided by the government. The Muslim government made a great effort to grasp the roads and the cities clean and ready for the travelers.The hajj was not only solemn observance, exclusively it was also an occasion for joy and celebration. The word Islam means Submission, which means obedience to the rule of Allah. If somebody accepts the Islamic faith it means that he/she is a Muslim. Even though this belief started with single man, by the end of the eighth century Islam stood alongside the Byzantine Empire. A Prophet and his World Islam appeared in the A rabian Peninsula, and this holiness reflected the cultural conditions of its homeland. Living in Arabia has always been hard because of the rubber agriculture and the harsh climates.However people submit been able to survive for a long time and they built a strong empire that was based upon family and submission. Arabia figure out the concern opportunities and took advantage of them. Arabia became an important trading center for India china and the Mediterranean. Plus they started receiving commodities. With the awake of classical empires, trade routes became insecure. Merchants abandoned the overland routes and they started using ocean routes that passed through the Arabian Peninsula. This greatly influenced the economy of the city of Mecca.Muhammad and His Message The prophet Muhammad was son of nomadic Bedouin herders and merchants. He was born in 570 C. E. and he was son of an well(p) merchant family. He had an fostering, and they cared for him. However, when he was young he worked for a wealthinessy widow that later(prenominal) became his wife. He got some power in the Mecca society, but he didnt get a high position. By the age 30 Muhammad had establish himself as a merchant and he lived a comfortable life. He lived and knew rough many other incompatible religions and he knew the cultures of other peoples.According to the stories Muhammad received some messages from the Angel Gabriel which told him to convert his family and the world and to give them the message of god. Muhammad presented oral lessons that he passed to his students and the people. However when he dies, his students compiled his teachings in a book called the book of account. Most important after the Quran itself are traditions known as hadith, which include sayings attributed to Muhammad. Muhammads Migration to Medina He first began for converting his family and then the community.Muhammad became popular and that brought him problems with the ruling elites of Mecca. Muhammad insisted that Allah was the only god and that at that place shouldnt be any other deities to which we pray. The elite also saw him a treat because he said that Allah was going to punish greed. Because of all the danger in Mecca, Muhammad had to fled. He fled and joined a group of his chase in Yathrib, a rival trading city. Muslims called their new city Medina which also means the city of the prophet. In Medina he organized his followers into a community and he provides it with laws and a social code.He looked after the economic welfare of his community he did this by trading or by launching expedition. Muhammad started to call himself the final prophet because he was going to at last reveal the message of god to the people. He teach that the Christian god and all the other major gods were the same. All of them were Allah and he also accepted the Jewish and Christian prophets. The Establishment of Islam in Arabia Even thought they succeeded in Medina, Muhammad and his followers pla nned on returning to Mecca.In 630 he and his followers attacked Mecca and they conquered the city. They forced the rich to take Allah as their main god and they imposed a government dedicated to Allah. They also destroyed the shrines of other deities and they built mosques. In 632 Muhammad made the first pilgrimage to the Kaba. The foundations of Islamic faith as elaborated by Muhammad consist of obligations known as the Five Pillars. Added to the Five Pillars the Islamic people must follow the holy law known as the sharia. Through the Sharia, Islam became more than a religious doctrine.It became a way of life that people must strictly follow. Expansion of Islam After Muhammads dead the religion faced a period of instability because he left no predecessor. Some people that had barely been conquered, broke from Islam, took back their independence and they became free again. However, within a short time, the Islamic community built a strong army that extend out its power and conque red many lands that converted into Islamic. These conquests lead the foundation of the rapid growth of Islamic society. The earlier on Caliphs and the Umayyad DynastySince Muhammad said that he was the last prophet when he died, there could not be another prophet to lead the Islamic society. However, they decided to chose Abu Bakr as deputy. He was the closest of Muhammads friends and he was one of the most employ disciples that he had. He was a religious attractor, but he was also the Military commander. During the century after Muhammads dead they expanded beyond the boundaries of Arabia, carrying with them their religion and their authority. Durig this period of time they conquered Persia and Africa.Because of this rapid expansion, the government had problems with governing and administration. It was just too many people to control. Disagreements over the succession lead to the emergence of the Shia sect, which wanted Ali and his successors to caliphs. The Shia survived becau se they created different rituals and they appointed different holydays. The Shia Muslims also made changes in the Quran in order to support the partys views. The Abbasid Dynasty Rebellion in Persia brought the Umayyad dynasty to an end. The chief leader of the rebellion was Abu, he was a descendant of Muhammads uncle.Even though he was a Sunni Muslim, he allied himself with other Muslims in order to convert people from the Mediterranean. The Umayyad didnt want to surrender to the Abu. One day Abu invited the rich, influential men to a banquet to make peace. However, during the banquet they were arrested and murdered. After they were killed Abu founded the Abbasid dynasty. This dynasty was more cosmopolitan than the prior dynasty. Instead of conquering new lands, the Abbasids largely contented themselves with administering the empire they inherited.The high point of the Abbasid dynasty came during the reign of Harun. This king provided with liberal support for artists and writer, a nd he distributed money and wealth to the poor people. After the death of the emperor, the Abbasid Empire declined. This was due to the conflicts of succession. At the end the Mongols extinguished the already weakened empire in 1258. Economy and Society of the Early Islamic World As in other agricultural societies the farmers worked in the land while the merchants stayed at the city and feed themselves with the food that the farmers produced.The creation of empires had spectacular implications and go outs. For instance, the Abbasid Empire created a zone of trade, exchange of ideas, and a communicating route. New Crops, Agricultural Experimentation, and Urban Growth As the soldiers, merchants, administrators and the population traveled to other separate of the world, they encounter different animals, plants and cultures. Then they brought those ideas and teach them to the people of their empire. The introduction of new crops to the west had many positive effects for the economy.New food crops led to a richer and more varied diet. They also increased quantities of food and some plants, such as cotton, were used to make a profit. Travel and communication in the dar al-Islam also further experimentation with agricultural methods. The cultivators copied systems of irrigation and techniques that would help them produce more food. The increase of agricultural production contributed to the rapid growth of the empire. Paper manufacture appeared in the Islamic cities during the Abbasid era. Chinese people made paper since the first century B.C. however with the diffusion, the paper techniques spread to Islamic world around 751 B. C. The Formation of a Hemispheric trading Zone From its earliest days Islamic society drew much of its prosperity from commerce. Muhammad was a merchant, and he held merchants in high stem. According to early accounts of his life Muhammad said that merchants would stand alongside martyrs to the faith on the Day of Judgment. By the time of the Abbasid Empire, trade networks linked all the regions of the Islamic world and joined it to a larger hemispheric economy.Arab and Persian mariner borrowed the compass from its Chinese inventors and used it to guide them on the high seas. From Southeast Asian and Indian mariners, they borrowed the lateen sail, a triangular sail that increased a ships mobility. They established multiple branches that honored letters of credit known as Sakk drawn on the parent bank. Trade benefited also from techniques of business organization. As a result of improved transportation, expanded banking services, and refined techniques of business organization, long-distance trade surged in the early Islamic world.They brought many things such as silk and spices form far away. The Changing Status of Women There was a patriarchal society even before Muhammads time. However, Arab women enjoyed right that women in other parts could never dream of. For instance, they could legally inherit property, divorce h usbands, and engage in business ventures. However, in some regard the Quran enhanced the security of women in Arabian society. It portrayed women equal to men in the eyes of Allah. However, the Quran and later the Sharia reinforced masculine dominance. They recognized descend trough the male line.Even though they teach that women should be treated with delicacy and respect, it allowed men to have up to four wives, whereas women could only have one husband. The veiling of women was not originally a tradition of the Muslims. This tradition came from the Byzantine and Sasanid Empires. At the beginning women had many rights stated in the Quran, however as time passed, the scholars modified the Quran and they took away the rights of women. Islamic Values and cultural Exchanges The Quran has served as the cornerstone of the Islamic society.The Quran established a conciliatory and powerful medium of communication. Even today the Muslims believe that the Quran is the only reliable script ure, translations as not as powerful as the original one. Muslims missionaries spread Goads message, but they allowed the people to still practice their old religions or beliefs. The foundation of an Islamic heathen Tradition The Muslims scholars studied the Quran and stories about Muhammad in order to create moral guidelines appropriate for their society. Formal institutions helped promote Islamic values.Many mosques maintained schools that provided elementary education and religious instruction, and wealthy Muslims sometimes established schools and provided endowments for their support. By the tenth century institutions of higher education known as Madrasas appeared. Muslim rulers supported the Madrasas because they had interest in recruiting literate and learned students with an advanced education in Islamic theology and law for administrative position. Sufis also appeared. Sufis were especially effective as missionaries because they emphasized devotion to Allah above mastery of doctrine.Islam and the Cultural Traditions of Persia and the Cultural Traditions of Persia, India, and Greece As the Islamic community expanded, the people started interacting with people from other societies, especially with Persia, India, and Greece. Persian traditions quickly found a place in Islamic society, since the culturally rich land of Persia fell under Islamic rule. Persian Influence was as noticeable in literary works from the Abbasid dynasty. While Arabic served as the language of religion, theology, philosophy, and law, Persian was the principal language of literature, poetry, history, and political reflection.Chapter Summary (taken from AP textbook) The religion of Islam emerged on the Arabian Peninsula in the seventh centuryC. E. as a result of the vision and the teachings of Muhammad. His message attracted a rapidly expanding circle of devout believers, known as Muslims. After Muhammads death, Arab conquerors spread the word of Islam throughout a vast grease exten ding from the Indus River to the Iberian Peninsula within one century. This rapid expansion of Islam contributed to the development of a massive trade and communication network in which goods and ideas spread freely.The realm of Islam became one of the most prosperous and cosmopolitan societies of the postclassical world. This new society was characterized by, strong commitment to the monotheistic belief system, resting on the Five Pillars of Islam, first articulated by Muhammad and later elaborated on by scholars and mystics. Also, the development of overland and maritime trade and communication routes that facilitated the spread of new crops, trade goods, and ideas, from improved techniques in agriculture to the books of the classical Greek philosophers.Engagement with and sometimes adoption of various cultural traditions encountered by the far-flung realm and its trade contacts, helped the country. Hence elements of Persian, Indian, Christian, and Greek cultures found their plac e into Islamic society and thought. Muslims believe that God isone and incomparableand thepurpose of existenceis to love and serve God. Muslims also believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed at many times and places before, including through Abraham,MosesandJesus, whom they considerprophets.They maintain that previous messages and revelations have been partially changed or corruptedover time,but consider the Quran to be both the unaltered and the final revelation of God. Religious concepts and practices include thefive pillars of Islam, which are basic concepts and obligatory acts ofworship, and followingIslamic law, which touches on virtually every aspect of life and society, providing guidance on multifarious topics frombankingandwelfare, towarfareand theenvironment.The Pillars of Islam are five basic acts in Islam, considered obligatory for all believers. TheQuranpresents them as a framework for worship and a sign of commitme nt to the faith. They are (1) theshahadah(creed), (2) daily prayers (salat), (3) almsgiving (zakah), (4) fasting duringRamadanand (5) the pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) at least once in a lifetime. TheShiaandSunnisects both agree on the essential details for the performance of these acts.

History of General Motors

History of worldwide ramsThe Renaissance C write down in Detroit, Michigan, is General pushs world headquarters. General Motors Corporation, also known as GM or GMC, is the worlds second largest car manufacturer based on annual sales. Founded in 1908, in Flint, Michigan, GM employs approximately 284,000 people around the world. With spherical headquarters at the Renaissance Center in Detroit, Michigan, USA, GM manufactures its cars and trucks in 33 countries. Their atomic number 63an headquarters is based in Zurich, Switzerland.In 2005, 9. 17 unrivaled million million GM cars and trucks were sold globally under the following brands Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Daewoo, Holden, Hummer, Opel, Pontiac, Saab, Saturn and Vauxhall. Early history General Motors was founded on Wednesday, September 16, 1908, in Flint, Michigan, as a holding come with for Buick (then controlled by William C. Durant), and acquired Oldsmobile later that year. The near year, Durant brought in Cadillac, Cartercar, Elmore, Ewing, and Oakland (later known as Pontiac).In 1909, General Motors also acquired the Reliance Motor Truck Company of Owosso, Michigan, and the Rapid Motor Vehicle Company of Pontiac, Michigan, the predecessors of GMC Truck. A Rapid became the first truck to conquer Pikes Peak in 1909. In 1910, Welch and Rainier were added to the ever-growing list of companies controlled by GM. Durant lost control of GM in 1910 to a bankers trust, due to the large amount of debt (around $1 million) taken on in its acquisitions. Durant left the firm and helped establish the Chevrolet Motor Company in 1911, with brothers Gaston and Louis Chevrolet.After a brilliant gestate pervert back campaign, he returned to head GM in 1916, with the backing of Pierre S. du Pont. Chevrolet entered the General Motors fold in 1917 its first GM car was 1918s Chevrolet 490. Du Pont removed Durant from management in 1920, and various Du Pont interests held large or controlling sh ar holdings until a bout 1950. In 1918 GM purchased the McLaughlin Motor Car Company of Oshawa, Ontario, Canada, manufacturer of the McLaughlin-Buick automobile, and renamed it General Motors of Canada Ltd. , with R. S. Colonel Sam McLaughlin as its first president.In 1925, GM bought Vauxhall Motors of England, and then in 1929 went on to acquire an 80% stake in German automobile manufacturer Adam Opel AG. Two years later this was increased to 100% and the company remains the core of GM Europe to this day. In 1931, GM acquired Holden of Australia. GM surpassed get over Motor Company in sales in the late 1920s thanks to the leadership of Alfred Sloan. While Ford continued to refine the manufacturing process to reduce cost, Sloan was inventing new ways of managing a complex worldwide organization, while paying special attention to consumer demands.Car buyers no longer wanted the cheapest and most basic sit they wanted style, power, and prestige, which GM offered them. Thanks to consumer financing via GMAC (founded 1919), easy monthly payments allowed far more people to buy GM cars, while Ford was moralistically opposed to credit. (Nevertheless, Ford did offer similar credit arrangements with the introduction of the Model A in the late 1920s merely Ford Credit did not exist until 1959. ) 1933 1958 During the 1920s and 1930s, General Motors assumed control of the Yellow Coach bus company, and helped create Greyhound bus lines.They replaced intercity train persuade with buses, and established subsidiary companies to buy out streetcar companies and replace the rail-based services as well with buses. GM formed join Cities Motor Transit in 1932 (see General Motors streetcar conspiracy for additional details). In 1930, GM also began its foray into aircraft design and manufacturing by buying Fokker Aircraft Corp of America (U. S. subsidiary of Fokker) and Berliner-Joyce Aircraft, merging them into General Aviation Manufacturing Corporation.Through a stock exchange GM took controlli ng interest in North American Aviation and merged it with its General Aviation division in 1933, but retaining the name North American Aviation. In 1948, GM divested NAA as a public company, never to have a major interest in the aircraft manufacturing industry again. General Motors bought the internal combustion engined railcar builder Electro-Motive Corporation and its engine supplier Winton Engine in 1930, renaming twain as the General Motors Electro-Motive Division. Over the next twenty years, diesel-powered locomotives the majority built by GM argely replaced other forms of traction on American railroads. (During World warfare II, these engines were also authorized in American submarines and destroyer escorts. ) Electro-Motive was sold in early 2005. In 1935, the United Auto Workers labor union was formed, and in 1936 the UAW form the Flint Sit-Down Strike, which initially idled two mark plants in Flint, but later spread to half-a-dozen other plants including Janesville, W isconsin and Fort Wayne, Indiana. In Flint, police attempted to enter the plant to arrest strikers, leading to violence in other cities the plants were shuttered peacefully.The strike was resolved February 11, 1937 when GM recognized the UAW as the exclusive bargaining good example for its workers. World War II General Motors produced vast quantities of armaments, vehicles, and aircraft during World War II for some(prenominal) Allied and Axis customers. By the spring of 1939, the German presidency had assumed day-to-day control of American owned factories in Germany, but decided against nationalizing them. During the war, the U. S. auto companies continued to be concerned Nazi Germany would nationalize American-owned factories. citation needed GMs William P.Knudson served as head of U. S. wartime production for President Franklin Roosevelt, who called Detroit as the Arsenal of Democracy. The General Motors UK division, Vauxhall Motors, manufactured the Churchill tank series for t he Allies. The Vauxhall Churchill tanks were instrumental in the UK campaigns in North Africa (ironically often universe used to attack German logistics units using Opel trucks). Bedford Vehicles manufactured logistics vehicles for the UK military, all important in the UKs land campaigns. In addition, GM was the top manufacturer of U. S. Army 1? ton 44 vehicles. 1 Nevertheless, while General Motors has claimed its German (Opel) operations were outside its control during World War II, this assertion appears to be contradicted by acquirable evidence. General Motors was not just a car company that happened to have factories in Germany GM management from the top down had extensive connections with the Nazi Party, both on a business and personal level. 2 American GM Vice President (later Colonel) Graeme K. Howard was a committed Nazi, and expressed such views in his book, America and a New World Order. Adolf Hitler awarded GM boss James D.Mooney the Order of Merit of the Golden Eagle f or his services to Nazi Germany. General Motors internal documents show a clear strategy to profit from their German military contracts even after Germany declared war against America. Defending the German investment strategy as super profitable, Alfred P. Sloan told shareholders in 1939 GMs continued industrial production for the Nazi government was merely sound business practice. In a earn to a concerned shareholder, Sloan said that the manner in which the Nazi government ran Germany should not be considered the business of the management of General MotorsWe must conduct ourselves as a German organization. . . We have no right to shut down the plant. 3 After 20 years of researching General Motors, Bradford Snell stated, General Motors was far more important to the Nazi war machine than Switzerland Switzerland was just a repository of looted funds. GM-Opel was an integral part of the German war effort. The Nazis could have invaded Poland and Russia without Switzerland. They coul d not have through with(p) so without GM. 3 Post-war growth At one point GM had become the largest corporation registered in the United States, in terms of its revenues as a percent of GDP.In 1953, Charles Erwin Wilson, then GM president, was named by Eisenhower as Secretary of Defense. When he was asked during the hearings before the Senate Armed Services Committee if as secretary of defense he could make a decision adverse to the interests of General Motors, Wilson answered affirmatively but added that he could not conceive of such a situation because for years I belief what was good for the country was good for General Motors and vice versa. newr this statement was often misquoted, suggesting that Wilson had said simply, Whats good for General Motors is good for the country. At the time, GM was one of the largest employers in the world only Soviet state industries employed more people. In 1955, General Motors became the first American corporation to pay taxes of over $1 bill ion. 4 1958 1983 While GM maintained its world leadership in revenue and market share throughout the 1960s to 1980s, it was product controversy that plagued the company in this period. It seemed that, in all(prenominal) decade, a major mass-production product line was launched with defects of one type or another showing up early in their liveness cycle.And, in each case, improvements were eventually made to mitigate the problems, but the resulting improved product end up failing in the marketplace as its prohibit reputation overshadowed its ultimate excellence. The first of these fiascos was the Chevrolet Corvair in the 1960s. Introduced in 1959 as a 1960 pretending, it was initially very popular. But before long its quirky handling pull in it a reputation for being unsafe, inspiring consumer advocate Ralph Nader to lambaste it in his book, Unsafe at any Speed, published in 1965.Ironically, by the same (1965) model year, sus aid revisions and other improvements had already tra nsformed the car into a perfectly acceptable vehicle, but its reputation had been sufficiently sullied in the publics perception that its sales sagged for the next few years, and it was discontinued after the 1969 model year. During this period, it was also somewhat overwhelmed by the success of the Ford Mustang. The 1970s was the decade of the Vega. Launched as a 1971 model, it also began sustenance as a very popular car in the marketplace.But within a few years, quality problems, exacerbated by labor unrest at its main production source in Lordstown, Ohio, gave the car a bad name. By 1977 its decline resulted in termination of the model name, while its siblings along with a Monza version and a move of production to Ste-Therese, Quebec, resulted in a thoroughly desirable vehicle and extended its life to the 1980 model year. In the 1980 model year, a full line of automobiles on the X-body platform, anchored by the Chevrolet Citation, was launched.Again, these cars were all quite po pular in their respective segments for the first couple of years, but brake problems, and other defects, ended up giving them, known to the public as X-Cars, such a bad reputation that the 1985 model year was their last. The J-body cars, namely the Chevrolet Cavalier and Pontiac Sunfire, took their place, starting with the 1982 model year. Quality was better, but still not exemplary, although good enough to survive through three generations to the 2005 model year. They were produced in a much-improved Lordstown Assembly plant, as are their replacements, the Chevrolet Cobalt nd Pontiac Pursuit/G5. 1983 2008 Under the controversial leadership of Roger B. Smith throughout the 1980s, a multitude of well-intentioned initiatives seemed to go awry at every turn. GM was losing money for the first time since the early 1920s as the legacy of poor management of the previous decade was taking its inevitable toll. vile product quality, labour unrest and lawsuits over unsafe vehicle designs wer e affecting sales volumes, which meant that GM was losing market share at an alarming rate, mostly to orthogonal automakers.Recognizing the superiority of the Nipponese quality and production procedures and practices, Smith set out to infuse their methods into the GM culture. He formed joint ventures with two Japanese companies (NUMMI in California with Toyota, and CAMI with Suzuki in Canada). Each of these agreements provided opportunities for GM managers to work alongside Japanese managers, thus learning their approaches, and taking this knowledge back to GM. Unfortunately the GM bureaucracy that opposed change influenced from outside was too strong and inbred, so the efforts of these managers as they returned to GM were essentially ineffective.Apparently anticipating this reaction, Smith also launched the Saturn Corporation, in which these managers could institute the Japanese system in a fresh non-GM environment. While all three of these facilities were, and still are, modera tely successful, the net result for GM was failure to accomplish Smiths enterprising goals. GMs profits remained inconsistent and its share of the U. S. market continued to fall. Ironically it was another Smith, not related to Roger, who took the reins of GM in the early 1990s, and succeeded where Roger had failed.Like Roger, his tenure began when GM was in dire straits, having just endured a very close brush with bankruptcy. Its losses were much deeper than they had been a decade earlier and Jack Smith was burthen with the task of overseeing a radical restructuring of General Motors. Sharing Rogers understanding of the need for serious change, Jack undertook many major revisions, of which the most visible to the public in general was the demise of the Oldsmobile division, an effort that took in total a full decade.Reorganizing the management structure to dismantle the legacy of Alfred P. Sloan, instituting deep cost-cutting and introducing significantly improved vehicles were the key approaches. These moves were met with much less resistance within GM than had Rogers similar initiatives as GM management ranks were stinging from their recent near-bankruptcy experience and were much more willing to accept the prospect of radical change.By the late 1990s, many archaic remnants of GMs history were falling away, such as the Oldsmobile complex in Lansing, Michigan and Buick urban center in Flint. This also meant a large reduction in the work force. After GMs massive lay-offs hit Flint, Michigan, a strike began at the General Motors separate factory in Flint on June 5, 1998, which quickly spread to five other assembly plants and lasted seven weeks.Because of the significant role GM plays in the United States, the strikes and temporary idling of many plants noticeably showed in national economic observations. In the late 1990s, GM had regained market share its stock had soared to over $80 a share by 2000. However, in 2001, the stock market drop following the Sept ember 11, 2001 attacks, combined with historic pension underfunding, caused a severe pension and benefit fund crisis at GM and many other American companies and the value of their pension funds plummeted.A weak U. S. dollar and private wellness care (as opposed to nationalized health care in other countries) costs also put GM at a disadvantage to its Japanese, Korean, and European counterparts In successive moves, GM responded to the crisis by fully funding its pension fund however, its Other Post Employment Benefits Fund (OPEB) became a serious issue resulting in downgrades to its bond rating in 2005. The company expressed its disagreement with these bond rating downgrades.In 2006, GM responded by offering buyouts to hourly workers to reduce next liability over 35,000 workers responded to the offer, well exceeding the companys goal. GM has gained higher rates of return on its benefit funds as a part of the solution. convey value has begun to rebound as of October 30, 2006 GMs ma rket capitalization was about $19. 19 billion. GM stock began the year 2006 at $19 a share, near its lowest level since 1982, as many on Wall Street figured the ailing automaker was bound for bankruptcy court.But GM remained afloat and the companys stock in the Dow Jones industrial average posted the biggest percentage gain in 2006. 5 In early 2007, GM fell to be the worlds second largest auto company, back end Japans Toyota, but regained the lead during the summer. Also, in June 2007, GM sold its military and commercial subsidiary, Allison Transmission, for $5. 6 billion. Having sold off the majority, it will, however, keep its heavy-duty transmissions for its trucks marketed as the Allison 1000 series.During negotiations for the permutation of its industry labor contracts in 2007, the United Auto Workers (UAW) union selected General Motors as the lead company or strike target for pattern bargaining. Late in September, sensing an impending impasse in the talks, the union called a strike, the first nation-wide walkout since 1970 (individual plants had experienced local labor disruptions in the interim). Within two days, however, a tentative agreement was achieved and the strike ended.

A Visit to a Fair Essay

A fair means a periodical concourse in nigh open place. I had got the rare opportunity of visiting the Baliyatra Fair in Cuttack. The fair was held on the full moon day in the month of Kartika.The fair is conducted every year on the bank of the Mahanadi. Thereby we commemorate our sea-trade with other countries in past. I had been to the fair with four of my friends. On our room to Cuttack, we discussed many things about our racial past.The Sadhavas of the then Kalinga were known for their richness and caliber in trade. They set sails for Java, Sumatra, China, Ceylon (Srilanka), Borneo, Indonesia, Rangoon for trade. They exchanged their goods for jewels and gold. The sea-trade does not exist now. So we float toy-boats knock down the stream to remember our past-glory.We reached the fair-in the evening. The place of fair was overcrowded with children, men and women. Men of diametrical occupations had assembled there. Goods of various kinds had been brought to the Baliyatra for sho w and sale. People amused themselves in a great word form of ways.Some people had come to dispose of their articles. Some had come to buy and some for sightseeing. Mostly the people were from the neighboring villages. The fair continued for about a week. The place was full of stalls made of straw and bamboo. The place was spacious and there was proper sanitary arrangement.The stalls were full of fancy goods. They were giving a gorgeous look. Many people were coming to those stalls. They were in festive dress too. The dealers in shops dealt in various goods. It was a rare occasion for me to see those fine stalls. It relieved of my monotony.The vendors sold toys and ballons for children. There were horse-wheels and merry-go-rounds for children too. The volunteers and scouts from the high schools of the town took prominent part in controlling the crowd. There was enough enthusiasm amongst the villagers in holding the fair. We had some snacks and tea in the fair.In the fair there was display of skill in craftsmanship. We had an opportunity to visit a circus there that evening. We also purchased a few filigree works and horn works of Cuttack. Of course the prices of those articles were high. Still the people were purchasing those-things because they loved their rich tradition.A note worthy make of the fair was that children were arguing with their guarding ns to purchase balloons and dolls in the fair. They pulled the sarees of their mothers and emended the balloons and sweets. It was an opportunity for the businessmen to reap profits. However, in book-stalls, books were being sold on rebate. I purchased a few books on Oriya literature.The police were alert in the fair to provide security to the visitors. There was fear of pick-pockets, theft and loss of goods, money and ornaments. Loudspeakers had been arranged at different places in the fair to warn the people of antisocial elements and black-marketers who sold stale sweets.The Baliyatra is a grand fair in Ori ssa. The visit to this fair is still afresh in my mind.

Wollstonecraft Fight on Women’s Right of Equality

To all(prenominal) generation marriage brings new meaning and different expectations. most never want to get married, few mobilize of it as a trap, some believe that is the except way to survive, some find it sacred, some just do it because of children and some pass on been brought up to think marriage is a part of the cycle per second of life. Since the 1700s, men have dominated relationships and women have been the victims. Mary Wollstonecraft was awake of this domination in the 1700s and worked to prepare women to go individuals. She believes that feigne education women are able to throw out in relationships and non become a slaves to men. Times have changed and women have do more of a place for themselves in society.Throughout The Vindications, The Rights of Woman, Wollstonecraft argues how distinguished it is for women to be educated in order for them to turn up through life and especially in marriage. This is all the way seen when she states, if she be not pr epared by education to become the companion of man, she will stop the emanation of fellowship and virtue for truth must be earthy to all(102). Wollstonecraft argues that a woman cannot sluice be a good mother without education. Can they be expected to govern a family with judgment, or take care of the poor babes whom they bring into the world?(113). Women straight off have the luxury of pursuing a higher education and with thatdoors of opportunity are opened. On depend of these chances women now have more severeness in this country.Women macrocosm portrayed as a grammatical gender symbols has been emphasized for generations. Their main focus has been to be beautiful and inclinationd by all men. Even forthwith we still open up nearly every(prenominal) magazine to beautiful, skinny, sexy women. This is what the ideal woman should reflection like. This is what is desired by men. Wollstonecraft argues that through the desire of establishing themselves,- the solo way wome n can rise in the world,- by marriage(112). The myth of a sexy, suitable woman still exists. Other than the pursuit of marriage, women now have other avenues to follow for a roaring and fruitful life.Throughout The Vindications The Rights of Woman, Wollstonecraft looked down on marriage because of the in equalities mingled with men and women. She believed that woman and man were made for distributively other but their mutual dependence is not the same. The men depend on the women only on account of their desires the women on the men both on account of their desires and their necessities(200). Mary discusses how through the progress of knowledge women are able to become more equal to men. Through education and virtue women would not marry merely to better themselves(194). Most women today dont feel that their prize in life is a husband. Marriage is more about partners and being equal. Equality stems from knowledge and the power of education.With every generation brings unexpected changes, new desires, new values and provided many traditions stay the same. Hopefully each generation of women will acquire and keep sacred the knowledge they receive from the women before them.Wollstonecraft Fight on Womens Right of EqualityTo every generation marriage brings new meaning and different expectations. Some never want to get married, some think of it as a trap, some believe that is the only way to survive, some find it sacred, some just do it because of children and some have been brought up to think marriage is a part of the cycle of life. Since the 1700s, men have dominated relationships and women have been the victims. Mary Wollstonecraft was aware of this domination in the 1700s and worked to educate women to become individuals. She believes that through education women are able to progress in relationships and not become a slaves to men. Times have changed and women have made more of a place for themselves in society.Throughout The Vindications, The Rights of Wo man, Wollstonecraft argues how important it is for women to be educated in order for them to progress through life and especially in marriage. This is clearly seen when she states, if she be not prepared by education to become the companion of man, she will stop the progress of knowledge and virtue for truth must be common to all(102). Wollstonecraft argues that a woman cannot even be a good mother without education. Can they be expected to govern a family with judgment, or take care of the poor babes whom they bring into the world?(113). Women today have the luxury of pursuing a higher education and with thatdoors of opportunity are opened. On account of these chances women now have more validity in this country.Women being portrayed as a sex symbols has been emphasized for generations. Their main focus has been to be beautiful and desired by all men. Even today we still open up almost every magazine to beautiful, skinny, sexy women. This is what the ideal woman should look like. T his is what is desired by men. Wollstonecraft argues that through the desire of establishing themselves,- the only way women can rise in the world,- by marriage(112). The myth of a sexy, desirable woman still exists. Other than the pursuit of marriage, women now have other avenues to follow for a successful and fruitful life.Throughout The Vindications The Rights of Woman, Wollstonecraft looked down on marriage because of the inequalities between men and women. She believed that woman and man were made for each other but their mutual dependence is not the same. The men depend on the women only on account of their desires the women on the men both on account of their desires and their necessities(200). Mary discusses how through the progress of knowledge women are able to become more equal to men. Through education and virtue women would not marry merely to better themselves(194). Most women today dont feel that their prize in life is a husband. Marriage is more about partners and b eing equal. Equality stems from knowledge and the power of education.With every generation brings unexpected changes, new desires, new values and yet many traditions stay the same. Hopefully each generation of women will acquire and keep sacred the knowledge they receive from the women before them.

Physical Fitness Essay

bodily fittingness requires a multitude of bodily operations. The first is a combining of the muscular system and the skeletal system. These two can be combined and argon fill outn as the musculoskeletal system. The circulatory system is that which governs the heart, blood, and blood vessels. The respiratory system is that which governs the lungs and their functions. The circulatory and respiratory systems work together to supply the body with necessary oxygen, because the cells in ones body need oxygen to function properly.The combination of the circulatory system, the respiratory system, and the musculoskeletal system come together to make up the necessary bodily fitness functions. When all these systems are operating at optimal capacity, tangible fitness is most successful. Physical fitness at its most basic level is retiren as physical activity, which is simply the abridgment of muscles. At the next level, increased physical activity that is targeted at the improvement o f ones physical condition is k straightawayn as exercise. Exercise is the specific type of physical activity that increases athletic performance. traceing Your nuanceThe United States is a bouillabaisse of humanity and culture. Being a product of the United States, I would say that I culturally identify with a melting pot of different cultures. For instance, my mothers parents are twain German-American, so I know for sure that I am half German-American. I also know that my grandmother on my fathers side is Irish-American, so I know for sure that I am one quarter Irish-American. But my grandfather on my fathers side was adopted, so I get out never know for sure that quarter of my ethnicity. Due to modern technology, though, we believe he may be of Irish descent, which would make me one quarter Irish American.All that being state, though, I do not identify with any of these cultures. It may seem plain and simple, but I get along most with the main-stream American culture. I grew up attending church e actually Sunday. I grew up feeding hot dogs, hamburgers, pizza, pancakes, and waffles. Time was spent on the weekends attending barbeque parties with friends and families while watching sports on the television system like football, baseball, basketball, and hockey. The culture I grew up in was one of American sports. Describing How the Culture in which You Identify Influences Your Feelings, Attitudes and Behaviors Related to the HealthFirst, it must be understood that, growing up in American society, it was incessantly important to be physically fit and move over a nice beach body. But, as was said before, I grew up eating food that was not always the healthiest for me. A way to keep myself in good shape even though I wasnt eating good foods was to continually exercise. discerning that it is easy for any American to go down a road of unhealthiness, I work my hardest to mollify as athletically fit as I possibly can.Also, my culture affected my physical fi tness keep in that, growing up, I was always playing sports. When I was eight years old I started playing football, and I continued to play football for the next ten years. Throughout high schooltime, football allowed me to stay extremely physically active and forced me to always be athletically fit. I played football so much, I even learned to enjoy physical activity, especially those physical activities that were directly interconnected with sports. Do You Think Your Children Will View Same Way You Do?I certainly entrust that my children will have the same views nigh physical fitness as I do. In a nation that is ever growing more unhealthy, it will be crucial for me to teach my future children about the importance of exercise. It is very apparent that the United States does not show signs getting healthier soon. I know that ten years from now Americans will be getting more and more out of shape. My children will not be a part of the ever growing obesity phenomenon. Also, spor ts are a very major influence in my life, so I would imagine that my kids will be involved in sports as well.Hopefully they will be able to learn about the necessity of physical fitness through sports. In todays society, sports also open many other doors and avenues for people by and by in life. I only want my future kids to have the most opportunity possible. How Have You Been Influenced by These Cultural Messages?In the long run, physical fitness and sports have played major roles in my life. It gave me a purpose for a time and allowed me to mature as a young man. Also, being athletic at such a young age allowed me set a pattern of physical fitness that has lasted now for years. Working out allows me to clear my mind of stress, increase my bodily health, and helps me get much rest at night when I sleep. I can focus more at school in class, I work harder at work, and I am socially more competent when I am running(a) out. Yet it is tough for a schoolchild to find time to go to th e gym, especially a student with two jobs.I guess it is lucky that one of those two jobs happens to be coaching high school football. As a football coach, I have unlimited access to the high schools athletic facilities, of which I have been taking advantage of recently. Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and muscular endurance are all important to me. On top of having access to great equipment, though, and probably more importantly, I have the ability to teach young people about exercise through sport and the importance of it. I am often teaching about the sports related aspects of fitness, which are speed, power, coordination, agility, balance, and reaction time. Probably the most honor influence physical fitness has had on my life has been the ability to affect the lives of the young men that I coach. This is how physical fitness has affected my life.

Is man Good or Evil? Essay

soldiery is innately well(p), but has the great power to be evil. I conceive that a majority of commonwealth do what they believe to be right. Whether they ar correct or non is another matter. In order to be truly evil, I believe that one has to purposely, consciously, try to hurt others. Be it physically or mentally, a conscious effort to bruise others is for no obvious benifit to the human race is evil. I also think that good and evil be on totally polar planes than right and wrong. They do not go hand in hand. I believe this because good and evil in my mind atomic number 18 concrete, they do not change.Right and wrong, however, argon more of an undivided subject, which can not be confined to guidelines. As I said before, I believe that people try to do good most of the time. As in every rule, however, thither is an exception. There are certain circumstances in life which can change the way a person acts. There is a definite duality within me. I am usually a good pers on. I open doors, push in chairs, listen to people, and help little kids.But, occasionally I catch myself thinking ab come out of the closet how I could make someone timbre uncool. I automatically feel my face turn red, and that would be the end of the thought. But I think once in a while everyone thinks something wish, He would really be embarrassed if I told everyone about that time at camp. add-on I could get him back, or something like, She doesnt deserve that.What if they found out what she did last year. This is not just now evil thoughts, but it can quite possibly slip by to evil actions. Prejudice is another regulate of evil that produces alienation and war. I charter certain preconceived humors that I carry and I am not very proud of them, though often my instinct about a person is right.My major prejudice is against people who cannot grasp new concepts at a relatively quick rate, or those who cannot understand quickly. individual put it trounce by apothegm, O h, you mean the stupid people. I truly do hate commerce them that, because often what they dont succeed at academically, they make it up through artistic talents, athletic, or mechanical talents. But the people I have no respect for are those who I spot can think for themselves, and understand things, but choose not to. I sometimes have annoy understanding if a person just absolutely cannot get it.I have a touch of friends who are that way, and they just cannot figure out trig. or chemistry. I just get frustrated and deficiency to yell, Why dont you get this? Why cant you understand that the thirty-sixty triangle continuously has a 1-2- 3 ratio? But I cant because one, I would seem like a total jerk, which I probably would be, and devil, they are my friends. Then in that respect are those people who get dressed and act, and are in fact, druggies. This prejudice kind of ties in with the first one because if the person is intelligent, than I have absolutely no problem with them dressing etc. like they do.But if they are one of the people who think that the cranium is a type of juice, then I seriously get so accentuate out that I want to grab them by their lapels and shake them to jump start the brain I know they have. How does this effect my life? I know that it puts a great amount of extra test on me that I could definitely live with out. But it also really makes me fell bad that I feel this way. I think that I am pretty open minded when it comes to the types of prejudice that are usually discussed, such as racism and sexism. I also am not homophobic and usually do not discriminate on the basis of age.In fact, I am very frequently biased against the people that are such. However, I believe that my prejudices are not something which contribute to hate crimes, the deaths of minorities or the dreams of a young girl. I feel that my biases are very much benign. A Shaker saying is something which if all men lived by, the world would be a ahppy place. Ma ry Whitcher said,Be behindhand to anger, slow to blame, and slow to plead thy cause. but swift to speak of any gain that gives thy friend applause. View as multi-pages TOPICS IN THIS DOCUMENT Discrimination, Mind, Human, Thought, undecomposed and evil, Virtue, vicious, Prejudice.RELATED DOCUMENTS Is Man natural bully or Evil Essay Is Man Born skilful Or Evil? 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